Orografische Wolken und ein atemberaubender Aussichtspunkt oberhalb von Garmisch-Partenkirchen in Oberbayern

Peter Engelmann, Dezember 2024

Der weltbekannte Olympiaort Garmisch-Partenkirchen ist berühmt für Deutschlands höchsten Berg, die Zugspitze, für atemberaubende Schluchten und für die spektakuläre Landschaft, in die er eingebettet ist: das Werdenfelser Land.

Aber auch einzigartige Wetterphänomene prägen die Region. Ähnlich wie das Matterhorn ist die Zugspitze ein Ort, an dem bestimmte stationäre orografische Wolken wie Bannerwolken und Linsenwolken (Stratocumulus lenticularis oder Altocumulus lenticularis) zu sehen sind. Diese sogenannten orografischen Wolken sind für Fotografen von besonderem Interesse, da sie der Landschaftsfotografie eine einzigartige und magische Atmosphäre verleihen. Der Begriff „orografisch“ bedeutet, dass sie mit dem Relief der Landschaft in Verbindung stehen.

Stratocumulus Lenticularis

Stratocumulus lenticularis (linsenförmige Stratocumulus) sehen manchmal wie Ufos aus und wurden tatsächlich mit ihnen verwechselt, aber es sind orografische Wolken, die oft mit dem Föhnphänomen in Verbindung gebracht werden (wenngleich Föhnwinde für ihre Entstehung nicht notwendig sind).
 
Im Dezember 2024, an einem fantastischen Wintertag, konnte man in der Nähe der Zugspitze diese Wolke beobachten, die wie ein Pfannkuchenstapel aussieht.

Aber was sind diese mysteriösen Wolken und wie entstehen sie?

21. Dezember 2024: Eine Kappe auf der Zugspitze

Laut dem National Weather Service sind Altocumulus Lenticularis „mit Wellen in der Atmosphäre verbunden, die entstehen, wenn relativ stabile, sich schnell bewegende Luft nach oben und über eine topografische Barriere gepresst wird, die mehr oder weniger senkrecht zu der Richtung ausgerichtet ist, aus der der Wind der oberen Ebene weht. Durch diese Ablenkung entsteht eine Schwerkraftwelle in Windrichtung der topografischen Barriere, die einer Welle ähnelt, die man durch das Werfen eines Kieselsteins in einen Teich erzeugen kann. Wenn oberhalb der Bergkuppe genügend Feuchtigkeit vorhanden ist, bilden sich ACSL-Wolken innerhalb des Kammes dieser Bergwellen, wo die Luft aufsteigt. ACSL-Wolken entstehen und verflüchtigen sich ständig in der Nähe des Wellenkamms bzw. unmittelbar hinter dem Wellenkamm. Deshalb scheinen sie stationär zu bleiben (daher der Name), obwohl sich die Winde schnell (manchmal sehr schnell) durch die gesamte Wolke bewegen.

Das Phänomen tritt häufig im Winter auf, und hier sind einige Eindrücke von diesem Dezembermorgen.
 
Die orografische Wolke verschwand später und am Nachmittag beendete ein Wetterumschwung die magische Episode am Morgen des 21. Dezember 2024.

Wo kann man nun solch interessante Phänomene beobachten?

Die Zugspitze ist zwar nah, aber die gegenüberliegende Talseite ist für solche Beobachtungen besser geeignet: Hier befinden sich die Berge Wank und Kramer. Am Kramer entlang führt ein bekannter Wanderweg, der Kramer-Plateauweg.

An der Flanke des Wank befindet sich eine beeindruckende moderne Hütte mit einem ausgezeichneten Restaurant, der Tannenhütte. Von hier aus hat man einen atemberaubenden Blick auf das gesamte Zugspitzmassiv. Die pyramidenförmige Alpspitze ist gut zu sehen.

Von der Altstadt von Partenkirchen aus führen mehrere Wege zur Tannenhütte. Die Wanderung dauert etwa eine Stunde.

Bannerwolken

Es gibt aber auch noch andere orografische Wolken, die hier zu sehen sind. Sogenannte „Bannerwolken“ treten auch in der Nähe der Zugspitze oder des Matterhorns auf. Wie die Linsenwolke ist auch die Bannerwolke eine orografische Wolke.

Bannerwolken scheinen mit dem Berg verbunden zu sein und sehen aus wie eine Flagge oder ein Banner. Die Wolken erscheinen auf der Lee-Seite, d. h. der windabgewandten Seite des Berges. Ihre Dynamik ist Gegenstand laufender Forschungen. Diese Art von Wolken ist auch in Bergen wie dem Matterhorn oder der Zugspitze zu sehen.

Wie erreicht man den Aussichtspunkt?

Die Tannenhütte oberhalb von Garmisch-Partenkirchen lässt sich auf mehreren Wegen erreichen: Einer davon führt durch die romantische Schalmeischlucht, eine Schlucht, die zwar nicht mit der berühmten Partnachklamm vergleichbar ist, aber mit beeindruckenden Felswänden aufwartet. Alle Wanderwege beginnen in der Altstadt von Partenkirchen.

Partenkirchen: Traditionelle Häuser und das Flair eines typischen Alpenortes. Die Straße führt zum Ausgangspunkt des Weges.

Über einen der Wanderwege gelangt man in die wildromantische Schalmeischlucht. Ein echter Geheimtipp in Garmisch-Partenkirchen.

Ein anderer Weg ist einfacher und ein breiter Pfad, der auch der Transportweg zur Hütte ist. Im Winter ist dies sicherlich die ungefährlichere Wahl, da der steile Bergweg in der Schalmeischlucht leicht rutschig werden kann. Kurz vor der Tannenhütte befindet sich eine beeindruckende Hängebrücke. Wer Probleme mit solchen Brücken hat, kann sie umwandern und erreicht die Hütte ohne Probleme.

Der andere Weg ist einfacher und führt durch einen majestätischen Bergwald.

Garmisch-Partenkirchen ist von München und Innsbruck aus leicht mit dem Zug zu erreichen. Vor allem an Wochenenden sind die Straßen sehr voll, daher ist der Zug eine gute Option. Entweder man geht zu Fuß nach Partenkirchen oder man wartet auf den Bus (Nr. 4+5). Wanderwege führen weiter um das Wankbergmassiv. Es gibt auch eine Seilbahn auf den Gipfel des Wank.

Die moderne Tannenhütte ist ein faszinierendes Ziel auch für diejenigen, die sich für zeitgenössische alpine Architektur interessieren.

Ein großartiger Aussichtspunkt für Wanderer, Fotografen und Videofilmer

Von hier aus kann man das gesamte Zugspitzmassiv sehen. In der Mitte ist die Alpspitze

Fotografen schätzen den fantastischen Blick über ganz Garmisch-Partenkirchen. Der Blick reicht weit in den Westen.

© Deutsche Übersetzung: Susanne Niemuth-Engelmann / Redaktionsbüro Niemuth, https://redaktionsbuero-niemuth.de/ / 26.01.25

OROGRAPHIC CLOUDS AND A BREATHTAKING VIEWPOINT ABOVE GARMISCH-PARTENKIRCHEN IN BAVARIA

Peter Engelmann, December 2024

The world-known Olympic town of Garmisch Partenkirchen is famous for Germany’s highest mountain Zugspitze, breathtaking gorges, and its spectacular scenery.

But it also has its unique weather phenomena. Similar to the Matterhorn the Zugspitze is a place where certain stationary orographic clouds as Banner clouds and Stratocumulus lenticularis or  Altocumulus Standing Lenticular Clouds can be seen.

These orographic clouds are of particular interest to photographers as they add a unique and magical atmosphere to landscape photography.

STRATOCUMULUS LENTICULARIS

Stratocumulus lenticularis are sometimes looking like Ufo’s and were indeed mistaken for them but they are orographic clouds often connected with the Foehn phenomenon (even Foehn winds are not necessary). 

In December 2024 on a fantastic winter day, there was this stack of pancakes cloud near Zugspitze. 

But what are these mysterious clouds and what make them?

December 21, 2024: A cap on top of the Zugspitze

According to the National Weather Service Altocumulus Standing Lenticular Clouds are “associated with waves in the atmosphere that develop when relatively stable, fast-moving air is forced up and over a topographic barrier that is oriented more or less perpendicular to the direction from which the upper-level wind is blowing. This deflection creates a gravity wave downwind of the topographic barrier not unlike a wave you might generate by throwing a pebble into a pond. When sufficient moisture is present above the mountain-top level, ACSL clouds develop within the crest of these mountain waves where the air is rising. ACSL clouds are continually developing and dissipating in the vicinity of the wave's crest and immediately downwind of the crest, respectively. That is why they appear to remain stationary (hence the name) even though winds are swiftly (sometimes very swiftly) moving through the entire cloud.”

The phenomenon happens often in winter and here are some impressions of this December morning.

The orographic cloud later disappeared and in the afternoon a weather change ended the magical episode in the morning of December 21, 2024. 

But where to watch such interesting phenomena? The Zugspitze Mountain might be close but the opposite side of the valley is better suited for such observations: Here is the Wank-Mountain or the Kramer Mountain with a famous trail. At the flank of the Wank there is a stunning modern cabin with an excellent restaurant, the Tannenhuette. Here you can enjoy a breathtaking sight of the whole Zugspitz-Mountain-Range. The pyramid-shaped Alpspitze is prominently displayed.

A couple of trails lead from the old town of Partenkirchen to the Tannenhuette. The walk takes approximately one hour.

BANNER CLOUDS

But we also have to talk about other orographic clouds which can be seen here. So-called “Banner Clouds” appear also near Zugpitze or Matterhorn.

Like the Standing Lenticular Cloud, the Bannercloud is another orographic cloud which means they are related to the relief of the landscape.

Banner Clouds seem attached to the mountain and look like a flag or a banner. The clouds appear on the leeward side of the mountain where there is no wind. Their dynamics are a field of ongoing research. This type of cloud can also be seen in Mountains like the Matterhorn or the Zugspitze.

HOW TO GET TO THE VIEWPOINT?

A couple of ways lead to the Tannenhütte above Garmisch-Partenkirchen: One trail leads through the romantic Schalmeischlucht, a gorge, not comparable to the famous Partnach Gorge but with impressing rockfaces. All trails begin in the old town of Partenkirchen.

Partenkirchen: Traditional houses and the flair of a typical alpine town. The road leads to the start of the trail.

One of the trails leads to the wild and romantic Schalmei-Gorge. A real insider tip in Garmisch Partenkirchen

Another trail is easier and a broad path which is also the transport path for the cabin. This is certainly a safer choice in winter because the steep mountain trail in the Schalmeischlucht can easily become slippery. Shortly before the Tannenhuette, there is an impressive suspension bridge. Those who have problems with such types of bridges can take a walk around them and reach the cabin without problems. 

The other trail is easier and leads through a majestic mountain forest.

Garmisch-Partenkirchen is easily accessible by train from Munich and Innsbruck. Particularly on weekends, the streets are very crowded, thus the train is a good option. Either take a footwalk to Partenkirchen or wait for the bus (Nr.4+5). Trails are leading further around the Wank Mountain massive. There is also a cable car to the top of the Wank.

The modern Tannenhütte is a fascinating destination also for those who are interested in contemporary alpine architecture.

A great scenic viewpoint for hikers, photographers, and videographers.

The whole Zugspitze Mountain range can be seen from here. In the middle is the Alpspitze.

Photographers appreciate the fantastic view over the whole of Garmisch Partenkirchen. The view extends far to the west.

SAHARAN DUST IN EUROPE, MARCH 2022

From Peter Engelmann, March 19, 2022

Saharan Dust in Europe appeared in the second week of March 2022. This is not an unusual weather pattern in spring. This year, however, there was a very high concentration of Saharan Dust in the atmosphere. It was even labelled a “dust bomb”. It led to an unparalleled otherworldly if not apocalyptic scenery in many places around Europe. The phenomenon was accompanied by rain in some places. This rain is called blood rain, due to the reddish colour. The blood rain was a bad omen in former times. The blood rain was a harbinger of the Black Death in Middle Ages or war and other apocalyptic events. The term blood rain is associated also with other phenomenas in nature due to bacteria or other where rain is red coloured.

The Saharan Dust in March was not only impressing because of the yellow-orange tinted skies but because of the vast dimension. The dust came from Marokko, entered Spain, reached Germany and was seen in UK too.

A map provided by French Meteorologist Guillaume Suchet shows the fast range of the saharan dust plume which reached even Norway and Sweden:

Saharian Dust Over The Alps

This is not very often. In Bavaria the phenomenon was extraordinarily intense in the afternoon of March 15. It created “Martian Skies” for hours. Around noon the sky was cloudy but colors were still normal. It was a milky grey sky. Later the day, in the early afternoon hours, the sky became intensely orange and red. The webcams on certain mountains showed that the orange sky was nearly everywhere. The sight remained good. There was no mist. But the clouds became thicker and thicker. Between 3.00pm and 5.00.pm it became really dark. It was necessary to turn on the lights inside. Such a darkness had never occurred before. It contributed much to the “apocalyptic mood” of the day. Later the sky returned slowly to “normal mood” again. There was some rain. Cars, roofs, everything was covered by a thick layer of reddish dust.

The camera looks to the south-east. At the horizon there is still less concentration of dust particles. The thick yellowish clouds were coming from the west.

The pictures reveal even more unusual things which happened during this weather pattern. Colors weren’t changed here. The sky had indeed these reddish colors. Dust removal effect in photoshop however shows some unusual patterns inside this clouds. There is a detailed structure in the clouds which wasn’t so clear to the pure eye. There is nothing added or manipulated here. It seems like an unusual coincidence between saharan dust and a certain cloud weather pattern.

Rayleigh scattering phenomenon

There is another interesting phenomenon here. The saharan dust creates the so-called Rayleigh scattering phenomenon. Met Office meteorologist Dan Stroud explained the phenomenon: “The dust in the atmosphere causes the light to be more refracted, so you get the dominance of the red and orange tinges of the spectrum”. Rayleigh scattering is “the dispersion of electromagnetic radiation by particles that have a radius less than approximately 1/10 the wavelength of the radiation” The dust in the air originated from the storm Celia and swept as a plume over Europe.

Rayleigh scattering during saharan dust in the sky is very interesting from a photographic standpoint. It creates different lighting conditions as on a normal sunny or cloudy idea. It is more like a studio light, a diffuse light not so much a directed light. You see no shadows. In film and photography this soft light coming from different directions is often a desired effect. It’s also a effect used in the artificial sky atmosphere of the Unreal Engine software where the Rayleigh scattering can be “regulated”.

The Rayleigh scattering effect might be a reason why some people are having an uneasy feeling during such weather events. It has an apocalyptic feel because in natural conditions. It feels somehow “wrong”.

Rayleigh scattering is also present on normal weather conditions and is responsible for the blue sky on a normal day. However the effect is much different as during a saharan dust event. During the appearance of the saharan dust cloud there are many additional particles in the atmosphere.

When the darker clouds arrived there were unparalleled cloud structures.

The air was not either cold nor war. Of course, the quality of the air was bad and that bad quality lasted long. After the saharan dust an unusual high pressure system begun to form over Northern Europe. That’s bad news since the continent urgently need more rain.

The moment when the thickest clouds were hanging in the sky. In the afternoon around 3.00.
An atmosphere like in a doomsday movie. Late afternoon March 15,2022.T
Intense orange color late afternoon of March 15, 2022. The Rayleigh scattering phenomena creating a diffuse unnatural light.

The lower part of the atmosphere was very clear all the time. Camera looks to the south west towards the Allgäuer Alpen in Southern Bavaria

Sunset And Foehn Effect


October 31, 2018 was a day with an unforgettable sunset in many places. On the eve of the Halloween night the sky was burning. Bright yellow and red colored clouds illuminated the sky. The extraordinary evening glow is a typical phenomenon in autumn.

In Upper Bavaria the foehn effect delivered the perfect conditions for the fire in the sky. The Northern side of the alps was very lucky since there were normal weather conditions during that evening in a year full of extremes. These extremes still continue. The foehn effect was generated by the torrential rainfall on the Southern side of the mountains. Subsequently, wet air was rising on one side and descending on the other side.

Shortly before sunset: The Sun illuminates the cloud layer


Before that Halloween evening there were also severe weather on the Northern side of the alps in Bavaria. There was an extreme windstorm which inter-cut railway connections in Upper Bavaria. Foehn windstorms can be dangerous particular on the mountain tops and some valleys.

Typical Foehn sky: a very clear view of the mountains





During the day the weather had calmed down and there were these impressing cloud patterns in the sky. The good thing was that the clouds got stopped and had not moved too much to the south. Therefore the sun appeared shortly before sunset.

These conditions happen often in autumn and also around New Year in Bavaria. This is always a good time to take pictures.

Intense orange and yellow colors in the west


The hilltops in Upper Bavaria are a good place to watch the foehn effect. The sky is very clear and there are a lot of details visible of the alpine silhuette in the South. However, days are already short and it gets pretty fast very dark.

Unlike some so-called-weather-rules the evening glow doesn’t necessarily indicate a change of weather. The next days were calm on the Northern side of the Alps.

nature as an artist: shortly after sunset


Severe weather continues in many parts of Europe. Particularly in Italy a disastrous situation due to thunderstorms and torrential rain developed. In some higher areas there was a lot of snowfall. Tourists were trapped for some time.

October 2018 was another month in Germany where the weather-anomaly continued. It is still too dry and too warm. Sunshine was above average. A new term was coined in Germany: October-Summer.

Get pictures from stormypicture.de at Adobe Stock: https://petengelmann.myportfolio.com/

The dramatic “Halloween Sky”